Zucchini in Umido

December 19, 2019

I try to cook seasonally.

That means no stone fruit or corn on the cob in the winter.  For the most part that means no tomatoes either, though I do make an exception for cherry and grape tomatoes which seem to taste about the same year-round and provide a burst of color and sweetness—if not a robust tomato taste—in the dead of winter.

Certain things defy the season.  Take zucchini.  Yes, they’re the quintessential summer crop (sometimes growing to the size of baseball bats in the hands of inattentive growers) but they show up all year-round, much like bananas do.

Zucchini in Umido bubbling away on Zia Fidalma’s stove in Tuscany.

I know that means they get shipped from “somewhere else” when they’re not in season locally but, for the most part, they taste good all year (unlike, say, peaches which don’t usually taste good if not grown locally and in season).

There’s also a limit to the number of cold-season vegetables that one can eat through the winter.


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Part of the problem is solved by canning, preserving, and freezing and, if not your own or a friend’s, commercially available canned, preserved, and frozen produce.  Let’s face it, eating seasonally traditionally included consuming all those products that were “put up” when they were at the height of season.

Maria making a large batch of tomato puree (passata) at her home in Calabria.

Though some of us conserve produce, few of us do enough to meet our needs throughout the lean winter months.  I have no objection to using good quality commercially “conserved” foods.  What I don’t use are convenience or premade foods.

Though I enjoy and prefer to make my own tomato puree (passata), we don’t produce enough of our own tomatoes to make a year’s supply (and I haven’t been overly impressed with what’s available in the market in sufficient and affordable quantity to make up the difference).

I do what I can, however, for example making passata when our tomatoes are at their best; candying citrus peels from the trees in our neighborhood in Palm Springs in the winter; making cherry leaf aperitif in the fall; and, in those rare years when Santa Fe has an abundance of peaches and apricots, making jam.

The early stages of making cherry leaf aperitif.

I “conserve” other produce as well like making hot chile oil (“olio santo”) when we have enough peperoncini, making limoncello and arancello from oranges and lemons in Palm Springs, and putting fresh (like cherries) and dried (like prunes) fruits in various types of spirits.


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My prohibition on using “prepared foods,” though is pretty definite.  I’ll use good quality canned, peeled tomatoes from Italy but (unless my back is up against the wall as sometimes happens when I have limited shopping venues like when we’re on Fire Island) I don’t use canned commercial diced or crushed tomatoes or tomato puree.  My view, and, granted, it might be wrong, is that the best quality tomatoes go into the cans of “whole, peeled” tomatoes, not into the ones that are ground, diced, or pureed.

Making limoncello.

In a matter of minutes, a can of whole peeled tomatoes can be turned into any of the other products.  It also means that, other than tomato paste, I only need to stock up on one tomato product.  OK, OK, so I have two types of peeled, whole tomatoes.  Both are from Italy but one is San Marzano and the other is a plum tomato that’s not San Marzano.  I use the less expensive non-San-Marzano-but-still-Italian tomatoes when the dish I am making would be indistinguishable with either type.

In December, zucchini are a welcome addition to mealtime, a situation that is difficult to imagine during the fall harvest season when zucchini seem to be coming from all directions.

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Zucchini in Umido
Pommarola, a simple tomato sauce made with tomatoes, basil and garlic is ideal in this dish. See the notes section for a link to my Basic Tomato Sauce. If pommarola, or a similar simple tomato sauce is not available, substitute good-quality tomato puree. If using puree, I suggest adding a few basil leaves, finely chopped. Niepita is difficult to obtain outside of Italy but if you want to try to find seeds, look for it using the southern Italian name of "Mentuccia Romana" rather than the Tuscan name of niepita. Though the flavor is different, 1 teaspoon of dried oregano is a good alternative.
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Course Sides, Vegetables
Cuisine Italian
Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Servings
persons
Ingredients
Course Sides, Vegetables
Cuisine Italian
Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Servings
persons
Ingredients
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Instructions
  1. Partially peel the zucchini, leaving alternating stripes of peel and no peel.
  2. Cut the zucchini into largish pieces. You can do this by quartering them lengthwise and then cutting crosswise or by doing a rotating angular cut. You should have approximately 2 pounds of cut-up zucchini.
  3. Sauté the garlic in olive oil until it begins to color.
  4. Add zucchini. Season with salt, and pepper. Increase the heat to high and sauté until the garlic golden brown and the zucchini has turned from white to creamy in color, approximately 5 minutes.
  5. Add the tomato sauce, water, niepita, and salt and pepper to taste.
  6. Cook at a moderate boil, uncovered, until the sauce is thick and the zucchini is tender but not mushy. Adjust salt and pepper while cooking.
Recipe Notes

You can find my recipe for Basic Tomato Sauce here.

Copyright © 2019 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Sancarlin: A Cheese Spread from Piemonte

December 13, 2019

Back at home, after spending five months in Italy this year expanding my culinary skills and repertoire, we settled on a technique to keep the process going.

Each month we randomly select a region of Italy by pulling a slip of paper out of a jar.  For a month, unless there is an overriding reason, I cook all our dinners using traditional recipes of that region.

Small, dried spicy red peppers (peperoncini) from our garden add zip to many dishes.

The first region we selected was Piemonte (Piedmont).

Piemonte is in far northwestern Italy.  It borders France and the cuisine shows a definite French influence.


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Piemonte is one of the coldest regions of Italy.  Since the climate is not conducive to growing olives, animal fats, such as butter and lard are commonly used.  There are some dishes, however, that use olive oil based on historic trade between Piemonte and neighboring Liguria.

Piemontese foods tend to be hearty and rich, appropriate to the colder climate, especially in the mountainous areas.

Two of the Piemontese cookbooks that I relied on for the month of cooking Piemontese food.

Our month of eating the foods of Piemonte included:

  1. Bagna Cauda (anchovy, butter and olive oil dip for vegetables)
  2. Brasato di Manzo in Barolo (beef braised in barolo wine)
  3. Budino Freddo Gianduia (chocolate hazelnut cakes… literally “pudding”)
  4. Cipolline d’Ivrea (braised pearl onions with white wine and butter)
  5. La Panissa (risotto made with borlotti beans and some sort of cured meat)
  6. Patate ai Capperi (potatoes and capers)
  7. Peperoni e Pomodori alla Bagna Cauda (sweet peppers and tomatoes with anchovies)
  8. Polenta e Fontina in Torta (layers of sliced polenta and fontina cheese baked together)
  9. Pollo con Acciughe e Peperoni Arostiti (chicken with anchovies and roasted peppers)
  10. Pollo in Fricassea Bianca (chicken braised in milk)
  11. Risotto al Gorgonzola (risotto with gorgonzola cheese)
  12. Sancarlin (a cheese dip and/or sauce)
  13. Spinaci alla Piemontese (spinach with anchovies and garlic)
  14. Tajarin con Gorgonzola e Ricotta (long pasta with a sauce of ricotta and gorgonzola)
  15. Tajarin e Zucchine (long pasta with zucchini, garlic, and Grana Padano cheese)

As you’ll note, these are almost all substantial dishes.  And it’s not as if I purposely chose dishes that were hearty.  Almost all of the cuisine of Piemonte shares this characteristic.

Piemonte is famous for truffles.  I avoided dishes with truffles as they were out of season the month I cooked Piemontese food.  Good ones are also very expensive.  Plus, I ate mountains of them while at the Italian Culinary Institute this year.

Two excellent regional Italian cookbooks. It’s amazing how different the array of recipes is for the same region.

Piemonte is also known for hazelnuts and for the combination of hazelnuts and chocolate, the most famous brand of which is Nutella.  Note that the one Piemontese dessert that I made during the month (only one because I’m still working off the weight I gained over five months in Italy earlier this year!) is a combination of chocolate and hazelnuts which is generally known as gianduja or gianduia.


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Piemonte is one of the great wine-producing regions of Italy.  It is known for Barolo, Barbaresco, and Asti, among others.

Sancarlin (Piemontese dialect for San Carlo) is a spread or dip made from cheese.  It’s great as part of an antipasto with grissini (breadsticks), another Piemontese food.

If you cannot find artisanal ricotta (check a cheese shop), Polly-O is among the best of the supermarket brands that I have tasted.

Sancarlin is also excellent tossed with diced boiled potatoes and served as a contorno (side dish).  How many times can I say “hearty” in the same blog post?

If any of the Piemontese dishes that I mentioned above interests you, and you’d like me to post a recipe, just leave a note in the comment section below and I’ll schedule it.

Though not traditional, goat cheese adds complexity to the Sancarlin that would otherwise be provided by the traditionally used sheep’s milk ricotta.

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Sancarlin: A Cheese Spread from Piemonte
Sancarlin is traditionally made with ricotta di pecora, sheep’s milk ricotta. It is nearly impossible to find sheep’s milk ricotta in the United States. You will get good results with a high-quality cow’s milk ricotta. Though not traditional, you can add an ounce or two of soft goat cheese to the recipe to increase the complexity of the dish. If you have access to sheep’s milk (which I don’t in northern New Mexico), and you feel ambitious, you can make your own ricotta! A link to my recipe is in the Notes section below. Adjust the amount of garlic and red pepper to taste. Serve with grissini, crostini, focaccia or tossed with boiled potatoes
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Cuisine Italian
Prep Time 15 minutes
Servings
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Cuisine Italian
Prep Time 15 minutes
Servings
cup
Ingredients
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Instructions
  1. Finely mince the garlic and combine with the olive oil. You can do this by processing the garlic and oil in a small food processor.
  2. If using the goat cheese, add it to the processor after the garlic has been minced and whiz to blend everything.
  3. Finely crush the red peppers and blend with the garlic mixture.
  4. Combine the garlic mixture with the ricotta and mix well.
  5. Adjust salt and pepper to taste.
  6. Refrigerate, tightly covered, for two days before using for the best flavor.
Recipe Notes

If you want to make your own ricotta, you can find my recipe here.

Copyright © 2019 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Spiedini (Italian Skewered Meat and Vegetables)

November 20, 2019

Spiedini means skewers.  By extension it also refers to food cooked on skewers.

Zia Fidalma’s spiedini ready to be served. The extra cut-up vegetables were roasted along with the spiedini.

There is evidence that humans cooked food on skewers as far back as 300,000 years ago in an area that is encompassed by present-day Germany.

It’s an ancient cooking method.  So, it’s not surprising that food cooked on skewers is found almost everywhere.

Zia Fidalma cutting sausage for spiedini at her home in Benabbio.

During my month of cooking in Tuscany with Zia Fidalma this past August, spiedini were on the lesson plan.

But first, there was the shopping.  Onions and peppers came from the weekly market in Bagni di Lucca.  Pork and sausage came from her favorite local butcher.  Pancetta tesa came from yet another vendor.  The pantry staples, including olive oil from her own olive grove, were on the ready at home.


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The sausage that Zia Fidalma used is Salsiccia Toscana, Tuscan Sausage.  It does NOT have fennel seed.  What it DOES have appeared to be a mystery, at least temporarily.

Pancetta Tesa produced in the Garfagnana area of Tuscany.

Butchers in Italy who make it say they don’t know because they buy the spice mix from a company.  Whether or not this is completely true is also unknown, to me at least.  Requests from friends and family in Tuscany also came up empty-handed.

A Google search, in Italian, turned up more useful information.  As expected, there is a range of ingredients.  Every recipe has salt and pepper.  Most have garlic (minced, chopped, or in one recipe, rubbed on one’s hands before one mixes the sausage!).  Many have a bit of wine, both white and red are called for.  I found one recipe that indicated that finely minced sage could be added if desired but NOT fennel!

Ingredients ready to be skewered in Zia Fidalma’s kitchen.

So, basically, Tuscan sausage is very sparingly flavored with salt, pepper, garlic and maybe a bit of wine.

For a traditional Tuscan taste for these spiedini, purchase (or make) an “Italian” sausage without fennel and without red pepper or paprika.  (Note, there is no such thing as “Italian” sausage in Italy.  Like most foods in Italy, sausage is hyper-local and varies from region to region, province to province, and often town to town.)

Zia Fidalma’s spiedini ready to be cooked.

Nobody is going to complain, however, if you use sausage with fennel seed as I had to do when I was unable to find sausage without fennel after trying four markets in Santa Fe.


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Pancetta tesa (sometimes called pancetta stesa) may be more difficult to find than the correct sausage, however.  Pancetta tesa is flat, not rolled.  It is better to use for spiedini because it is easier to cut into shapes that facilitate skewering.

On the same day that I made spiedini with Zia Fidalma, we looked at a house for sale in her village. I’m still smitten by the house and the views and the idea of spending summers there!

While you might spend 30 to 45 minutes cutting up the meat and vegetables and threading them on a skewer, the cooking process is easy.  Feel free to experiment with the herbs, but I’ve called for the herbs that are most commonly used in Tuscan cooking.

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Spiedini (Italian Skewered Meat and Vegetables)
If you want a more elegant look, take the time to cut the ingredients to the same size, approximately 1-inch squares. For a more homestyle appearance, as shown in the pictures, some variability is fine as long as none of the pieces is extremely large or small. The exact sequence of how to skewer ingredients is up to you but I have provided a suggestion that worked well with the quantity of ingredients I had.
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Course Mains, Meats
Cuisine Italian
Prep Time 45 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Servings
people
Ingredients
Course Mains, Meats
Cuisine Italian
Prep Time 45 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Servings
people
Ingredients
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Instructions
  1. Cut each link of sausage into four pieces.
  2. Cut the pork into 24 pieces.
  3. Cut the pancetta tesa into 36 pieces
  4. Cut each pepper into 12 pieces.
  5. Separate the onion into layers and cut 36 pieces of onion about the same size as the pepper pieces
  6. Thread the meat and vegetables onto 12 skewers in the following order: Pepper, Pancetta, Onion, Pork, Pepper, Pancetta, Onion, Sausage, Pepper, Pancetta, Onion, Pork.
  7. On the bottom of a shallow roasting pan large enough to hold the skewers in a single layer, put the rosemary, sage, bay leaves, oregano, juniper berries and garlic.
  8. Put the skewers on top. Season generously with salt and pepper. Drizzle with olive oil.
  9. Roast at 400°F until the meat is cooked, approximately 20 to 30 minutes, basting occasionally with the oil from the pan.
  10. Arrange the skewers on a serving platter. Pour the oil over top being sure to add the cooked herbs and garlic. Serve immediately.
Recipe Notes

Copyright © 2019 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Sunlight in a Bottle: Passata (Tomato Puree)

October 23, 2019

It’s been way over a month since I last wrote.  After leaving Tuscany for Calabria on August 31st, my plan was to continue to post about my new adventures at the Italian Culinary Institute.  As it turned out, I kept myself pretty busy and couldn’t quite find the time to post.  Knowing that my time was limited, I chose to spend as much of it as possible in the kitchen, which usually meant 12-plus hours per day, six or seven days per week.

There were some exceptions, like the Saturday I went to Maria’s house to make passata with her.

Maria and her son, Nicola, prep tomatoes for passata.

Maria works at the Institute, ostensibly as a dishwasher.  In reality she does much more.  Her wisdom and advice are frequently sought out by Institute staff on matters related to local food.  Maria assists in the kitchen during the meat-curing (salumi) courses.

Although I make passata at home, I’m self-taught.  It was exciting for me to see (and assist with) it being done in a traditional manner.

But first I had to find Maria’s house.

Stirring a cauldron of tomatoes.

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Maria only speaks Italian.  My Italian is not good enough for anything resembling a real conversation though I can certainly manage restaurants, supermarkets, and food vendors well enough to get by.

Mariana, Chef Juan’s wife, chatted with Maria and told me that I should meet Maria at the Padre Pio mural.  Maria lives in the town of Stalettì, which is up the mountain from the Institute.  The directions were easy enough:  Go up.  When you get to Padre Pio, stop and wait for Maria.  If you get to the center of town, you’ve gone too far.

Maria and Nicola putting the cooked tomatoes through an electric food mill.

Up I went.  It was obvious I had gone too far when I hit a spot vaguely resembling a piazza onto which streets converged from many sides.  There was a fussball table sitting in the roadway and a group of older guys congregated in front of the local bar.  (Remember that a “bar” in Italy is traditionally a Coffee Bar.)

I mustered enough Italian to ask them where Padre Pio was.  They told me to go back in the direction from which I came and that I couldn’t miss it.

Nicola and I spattered with tomato puree.

Luckily Maria was in her car on the roadside waiting for me across the street from the GIANT Padre Pio STATUE.  I saw the statue on the way up but completely ignored it as I was looking for a mural.  Something got lost in translation.

Maria made a U-turn and I followed her down a side lane that opened led to a small farm with wonderful views of the mountains beyond.


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Maria’s son, Nicola, was standing outside cutting tomatoes.  Maria introduced us then immediately began to cut tomatoes, too.  I opened my knife roll, got out my paring knife and began to cut tomatoes.  After all, there were six cases to cut and process.

A hand-crank food mill is a good option for making small quantities of passata.

We cut them in half, removed the core and dropped the halves into a bucket.  The cores were saved for the pig which will become Sopressata ‘round about January.

The tomato halves went into a big cauldron set over a wood fire.  Maria simmered them, with salt and some basil, until they were soft enough to go through an electric food mill.  The resulting liquid was put back into the cauldron and cooked until it was the right consistency.

Passata freezes well.

I’ve seen many videos and recipes for making passata that remove the seeds and jelly.  This definitely makes the process faster because extra liquid is removed at the beginning.  However, the jelly has a high concentration of naturally occurring glutamates that really enhance the flavor of the passata.  Like Maria, I always include the seeds and jelly.

Maria put the passata into jars, sealed them and put them under a blanket to cool slightly.  This is where a bit of controversy exists.  The USDA says it is never safe to can tomatoes or tomato puree at home without adding an acid, such as citric acid, because many tomatoes are not acidic enough to be canned safely relying on their own acidity.  The Italian Ministry of Health disagrees and provides directions for canning tomatoes in a boiling water bath without the addition of acid.

In practice, many Italians simply put the passata into jars, seal, and cover the jars with a blanket to allow them to cool slowly.  No boiling water bath is used at all.  While I’ve eaten many jars of passata that were canned this way, I wouldn’t recommend it.

Maria made about 100 jars the day I was there.  It wouldn’t be unusual for a family in Southern Italy to put up 300 jars of passata, essentially one per day for a year.  If you’re making less, as is almost certainly the case, freezing the passata works well.

If you find yourself with some vine-ripe tomatoes, especially plum tomatoes or a meaty heirloom variety, give this recipe a try.

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Sunlight in a Bottle: Passata (Tomato Puree)
Maria puts some fresh basil in with the tomatoes as do many Italian cooks. After going through the food mill, there are no flecks of basil to be found. Adding basil, however, is completely optional. Maria makes large quantities of passata and uses and electric food mill. For smaller quantities, up to several gallons, a hand-crank food mill works well. The passata will keep in the refrigerator for three days. It freezes well. If you choose to can it, you can find a link to recommended directions for canning in the Recipe Notes section, below.
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Instructions
  1. Cut the tomatoes in half lengthwise. Remove the core and any hard, white pith. If you are using heirloom tomatoes rather than plum tomatoes, you may need to quarter them depending on size.
  2. Put the tomatoes in a heavy-bottomed pot.
  3. Heat gently until tomatoes release some liquid.
  4. After there is liquid in the bottom of the pot, increase the heat to bring the tomatoes to a boil.
  5. Add one basil leaf for each pound of tomatoes, if desired.
  6. Continue to boil, uncovered, until the pulp is soft enough to go through a food mill, approximately 1 hour.
  7. Put the tomatoes through a food mill, discarding seeds and skin.
  8. Add ½ teaspoon of salt per quart of pureed tomatoes.
  9. Return the tomato puree to the pot and continue to boil until thick and saucy.
Recipe Notes

You can find recommended directions for canning tomato puree here.

Copyright © 2019 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Basic Tomato Sauce

June 13, 2019

Basic Tomato Sauce isn’t sexy or exciting.

It’s a foundational ingredient that makes cooking a lot of other dishes much easier than they would otherwise be but, honestly, until a few months ago I never bothered to make it to have on hand.

That was a mistake!

That doesn’t mean that I didn’t have tomato sauces of various types in my freezer.  I almost always do but they’re fully prepared special-purpose sauces like my mother’s long-simmered Southern Italian Ragu or my mother-in-law’s Salsa Friulana.  If I needed a basic tomato sauce as the starting point for another sauce, I just did it in the moment.

That all changed as part of attending the Master of Italian Cuisine course at the Italian Culinary Institute (ICI).  We made a basic tomato sauce (dubbed Simple Tomato Sauce by Chef John) by the gallons…ok, by the liters!

It keeps well.  It freezes beautifully.  It can be used in its own right as a sauce for pasta or meat or fish.  Having it on hand allows you to whip up really tasty pasta sauces much more quickly.  Give my recipe for Lupara a look, for example.

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Having foundational ingredients on hand has become more important since I returned from Italy.  In an effort to fully integrate what I learned, and to expand my knowledge even further, I’ve been cooking dinner every night that we’re not otherwise engaged.

As an extension, this month we started something new as a way to catalyze learning more about Italian Regional Cuisine.  We randomly select a Region of Italy by pulling a slip of paper out of an antique coffee jar.  Most of the meals for the month need to be from that Region.  This month’s Region is Piemonte.  July’s Region is Molise.

An antique coffee jar from my hometown of Johnstown, PA filled with slips of paper each containing the name of a Region of Italy.

I start by researching the foods of the region.  Waverley Root’s The Food of Italy is a big help but so are the introductions to many Italian regional cookbooks that I own.  Once I have a grasp of the traditional raw ingredients and the classic preparations of the region, I start to curate a list of dishes I want to make.  I go through my Italian regional cookbooks as well as Italian-language food websites to find multiple renditions of the dish then decide on how I will make it.

The dishes that I plan to make go on my calendar days in advance and get readjusted based on new ideas or ingredients from the market.  Sometimes a dish requires purchasing hard-to-find ingredients, like anchovies cured in salt (of which there is an 800 gram tin sitting in my kitchen right now) or amarena cherries preserved in syrup (1000 gram tin plus a smaller jar from a different company).

The Piemontese have a knack for putting anchovies into almost everything except dessert.  And if it doesn’t have anchovies, the dish probably has a bottle of Barolo, like the braised beef that I made a few days ago.

After cooking my way through Molise in July, I’ll be going to Italy for August and September.  In August I’ll be learning traditional Tuscan dishes from Great Aunt Fidalma.  September will find me be back at ICI for an guided independent study on food preservation.  I’ll resume cooking my way through the Regions of Italy in October.

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Now that I’ve been convinced of the benefit of keeping foundational ingredients on hand, I’m upping my game.  In addition to Basic Tomato Sauce I’ve started keeping infused oils.  Currently, in squeeze bottles next to my stove, I have garlic oil and rosemary oil.  Sometimes I use these to provide a little extra squirt of flavor on a finished dish.  Sometimes I use them as I start sautéing ingredients.  At this moment, I also have some mint oil on hand that I made to drizzle on a risotto with fresh peas.

Infused oils at the ready next to my stove.

I am eagerly anticipating our fall harvest of hot peppers so that I can make peperoncino oil, which is sometimes called Olio Santo (Holy Oil) in Calabria.  Does that give you an inkling of the significance of hot peppers in the cooking of Calabria?

Although Olio Santo can be used within a few days of being made, it is better to let it age for a year.  That means I’ll have to make an extra-large batch in the fall so that I have a fully aged stash to hold me until the oil from the 2020 harvest of hot peppers is ready in 2021!

I modified the ICI recipe for Simple Tomato Sauce just a bit to make it my own.  I’ve changed the name to Basic Tomato Sauce.  That’s the version I’ve posted here.

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Basic Tomato Sauce
This makes enough sauce for about 1 kilogram (2-plus pounds of pasta). Most often this sauce is used as the base for other sauces. You can make it in larger quantities and freeze it for future use. While I prefer to pass the tomatoes through a food mill to remove the seeds and the occasional hard bit of tomato, you can skip this step. Just add the tomatoes to the sautéed vegetables, mashing them with a potato masher, and proceed as written. Since this sauce cooks quickly it is especially important that the vegetables be very finely diced.
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Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Passive Time 15 minutes
Servings
quart (plus a bit more)
Ingredients
Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Passive Time 15 minutes
Servings
quart (plus a bit more)
Ingredients
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Rating: 0
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Instructions
  1. Sweat the onion, carrot and celery, with a large pinch of salt, in the olive oil until soft and the onion is golden, without browning, approximately 15 minutes.
  2. Meanwhile, pass the tomatoes through a food mill.
  3. There should be very little residual in the food mill.
  4. Add the tomatoes to the vegetables. Season with salt and pepper.
  5. Simmer, partially covered approximately 15 minutes.
  6. Cool slightly and blend with an immersion blender or jar blender. Adjust salt and pepper.
Recipe Notes

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Lupara

May 29, 2019

A Lupara is an 8mm sawn-off shotgun favored by La Cosa Nostra.

It’s also the name of a pasta dish.

Lupara, the shotgun not the pasta. [Licensed from Bluedog, without changes].
Interestingly, if you search for lupara recipes online you’ll only find a few and you’ll be hard-pressed to discover much commonality among the recipes.  Some are spicy.  Some are not.  Some have sweet peppers.  Some do not.  Some have tomatoes.  Some do not.  And most of them will be made with spaghetti.

I learned to make lupara at the Italian Culinary Institute.  It was among the first pasta dishes demonstrated during the early days of the three-month course.  Made with short, cut pasta, like rigatoni, this rendition pays tribute to the shotgun for which it is named.

Lupara, the pasta not the shotgun, as prepared at the Italian Culinary Institute.

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This dish makes use of a Basic Tomato Sauce, just tomatoes and a few aromatics cooked briefly.  You can make the tomato sauce in large batches and freeze it or you can make it as needed.  Although the sauce can be used on its own in some dishes, it is deliberately not aggressively seasoned.  This allows it to be used in a variety of preparations, with some final additional flavoring, without the sense that the same sauce is being used over and over.

I know this seems a little out of order, but I will publish the recipe for the Basic Tomato Sauce next week  For my first blog post since returning from Italy, I wanted to feature a dish that grabbed my attention.  This one did.  It’s got a great story and a great flavor.  Basic Tomato Sauce is good but it isn’t captivating (unlike a pasta dish named after the “Mob’s” favorite weapon!).  Basic Tomato Sause is meant to play a supporting role in most situations and that’s just not the type of recipe that I wanted to start with.

Lupara on the stove at the Italian Culinary Institute.

This version of Lupara is intended to be spicy but spicy means different things to different people.  There are two ways to build spice into this pasta.  You can use one or both of them.  The first method is to add dried, ground red pepper (peperoncino piccante in polvere, in Italian) during the final assembly of the pasta.  The other is to add thinly sliced fresh hot pepper (peperoncino fresco) when sautéing the sausage.  Getting authentic Italian peperoncino, powdered or fresh, is difficult in the States.  You can substitute Cayenne pepper for the ground one and a variety of long, red (always red!) chile, such as Thai or Cayenne, for the fresh.

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This recipe also calls for fresh porcini mushrooms.  These can be a challenge to find.  Feel free to substitute thinly sliced portobello mushrooms.  Though the flavor won’t be exactly the same, the dish will still be yummy!  If you are lucky enough to find fresh porcini, I suggest buying a heap, thinly slicing them, and freezing them.  They can be used in all sorts of cooked dishes, especially Trifulata which will hit the blog in the near future…as soon as I can find fresh porcini!! (You might notice portobello mushrooms in the pictures.)

This recipe requires a small amount of sausage.  It’s not a major player though it does add a nice meaty background note to the sauce.  Pick a good quality Italian-style sausage, sweet or hot.  I think that sausage with fennel seed adds a nice flavor but that’s a matter of personal taste.

Buon appetito!!

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Lupara
A lupara is an 8-gauge sawn-off shotgun associated with La Cosa Nostra (the “Mob”). Rigatoni resemble the barrel of a lupara. Adjust heat level to your taste. If you can’t find Italian powdered peperoncino piccante, substitute Cayenne pepper. For a different type of heat, add some thinly-sliced hot red chile when sautéing the sausage, instead of, or in addition to, the powered chile. If you can’t find fresh porcini, substitute portobello mushrooms. It is really important to use a very good quality Italian rigatoni, preferably an artisanal variety that is thicker than the usual boxed rigatoni to get the most benefit out of sautéing the pasta. If you want to make half as much pasta, freeze half the sauce. The recipe for Basic Tomato Sauce will be posted next week.
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Prep Time 30 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
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Ingredients
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For serving
Prep Time 30 minutes
Cook Time 30 minutes
Servings
people
Ingredients
Sauce
Assembly
For serving
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Instructions
Sauce
  1. Using a heavy-bottomed pot, sauté the sausage in the olive oil until colored.
  2. Add the porcini, butter, and fresh peperoncini, if desired, and sauté 5-7 minutes. During this time, the sausage should brown much more and the mushrooms should give up much of their liquid and take on some color.
  3. Add the wine and evaporate completely over high heat.
  4. Add the broth, partially cover, and simmer until completely evaporated.
  5. Add the Basic Tomato Sauce, basil, and salt and pepper to taste. Simmer about 10 minutes. Reserve.
Assembly
  1. Bring three quarts of heavily salted water (according to the Italians, it should taste like the sea) to a boil.
  2. Meanwhile, sauté the garlic in the extra-virgin olive oil until light brown. Drain and reserve the oil.
  3. Cook the rigatoni just until it no longer has a crunch in the center but is still far from done.
  4. While the pasta is cooking, put the sauce in a large sauté pan and bring to a simmer along with peperoncino piccate to taste.
  5. Drain the rigatoni, saving at least one quart of the pasta-cooking liquid.
  6. Add the rigatoni to the sauce and increase the heat to medium to medium-high. Add pasta-cooking liquid, a ladle at a time, stirring the pasta frequently to finish cooking.
  7. After adding a ladle or two of the pasta-cooking liquid, add the cream. Continue adding pasta-cooking liquid as needed until the pasta is just al dente and coated with a thick sauce.
  8. Off the heat, mix in the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, cream, and the reserved garlic oil. You may need to thin with a little more pasta-cooking liquid as the cheese will thicken and emulsify the sauce.
  9. Divide the pasta among serving bowls. Garnish each with a drizzle of extra-virgin olive oil and sprinklings of Pecorino Romano cheese and fresh basil chiffonade.
Recipe Notes

Here's my recipe for Basic Tomato Sauce.

Copyright © 2019 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Cotechino with Lentils

January 2, 2019

Cotechino is not a food I grew up eating.  It entered my food canon through my husband’s family, Northern Italians all!

Over the years we’ve melded together our different family traditions.  Although there’s some variability from year-to-year based on travel plans and invitations to the homes of family and friends, our usual sequence goes something like this.

Cotechino purchased at Eataly in Los Angeles. We had one on Christmas Eve and two on New Year’s Eve. The last one is in the freezer waiting for my return from Italy.

Pasta Ascuitta on Christmas Eve harkens back to my childhood when Christmas Eve dinner was a groaning table full of seafood at Aunt Margie and Uncle Joe’s house.  Pasta Ascuitta was only one of many dishes, including Baccala cooked in Tomato Sauce with Green Olives, Braised Stuffed Calamari, Breaded and Fried Cod, Spicy Mussels in a Garlicky Tomato Sauce, and on and on and on.  Mostly, now, we have a quiet Christmas Eve dinner with my in-laws at which we serve Pasta Ascuitta and call it quits!

That means somewhere else over Christmastime we have to fit in Baccala since it is a favorite of my in-laws.  This year we had it several days before Christmas.  I bought the baccala at Eataly in Los Angeles (on the second of my two trips to secure a visa for my three-plus months in Italy that start in early January).  It was truly the best baccala I have ever had.


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My family didn’t have any specific traditions for what was served on New Year’s Eve but New Year’s Day always saw Pork, Sauerkraut and Sausage with Dumplings.  That meal, repeated in one fashion or another in most homes in Johnstown, PA, pays homage to the original German founders of the town.

Somewhere around New Year’s Day my mother-in-law would make Cotechino with Brovada.  Brovada is turnips that are fermented in grape pomace left over from crushing and pressing grapes for wine.  Since Brovada is unobtainable (in my experience) in the United States, my mother-in-law would pickle turnips in red wine vinegar to create a reasonable substitute.  The turnips are peeled and shredded before cooking.  Brovada ends up tasting remarkably similar to sauerkraut.

Before Frank and I started spending New Year’s in Palm Springs, we would host a New Year’s Eve dinner at Villa Sentieri at which we served Cotechino as the appetizer course.  Although Cotechino is typically served with Brovada in Friuli, it is served with lentils in most of the remainder of Northern Italy.  I always opted for lentils for the New Year’s Eve dinner, leaving my mother-in-law to make it a second time with Brovada.

Many of our traditions got up-ended this year.  For Christmas Eve dinner we had Cotechino with Sauerkraut!  My mother-in-law did not make Brovada this year and said she preferred to have the Cotechino with Sauerkraut rather than Lentils.  I used the sauerkraut portion of my recipe for Pork with Sauerkraut.  It was a great combination.  I also made Dumplings just because everything is better with dumplings.


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That means we didn’t have Pasta Ascuitta on Christmas Eve for the first time in I-don’t-know-how-many years!

The cotechino with sauerkraut and dumplings we had on Christmas Eve.

Even though we didn’t host New Year’s Eve dinner this year, I was assigned the task of making the first course for the dinner hosted by our friends John O’Malley and Bob Reddington in Palm Springs.  I jumped at the chance to make Cotechino with Lentils.  The Cotechino came from Eataly in Los Angeles, and like the Baccala, was excellent.

As I’m writing this blog on the first of the year, and contemplating what to make for dinner today after a holiday season marked by over-consumption and with no time to recover before leaving for my three months in Italy on January 7th, I think we may just have Spaghetti with Garlic, Oil and Red Pepper.  Pasta Ascuitta will need to wait for another year!

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Cotechino with Lentils
The lentils make a wonderful dish on their own without the cotechino. The lentils are better if made a day or two in advance and refrigerated. For added flavor, let most of the broth evaporate during the first 30 minutes then add enough of the cotechino cooking water, skimmed of fat, to make the lentils loose but not soupy. If the broth has salt, it may be necessary to reduce the amount of salt called for in the recipe. Save the fennel fronds to garnish the cotechino, if desired.
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Prep Time 20 minutes
Cook Time 3 1/2 hours
Servings
people as an appetizer
Ingredients
For the Lentils
For the Cotechino
Prep Time 20 minutes
Cook Time 3 1/2 hours
Servings
people as an appetizer
Ingredients
For the Lentils
For the Cotechino
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Instructions
For the Lentils
  1. Cut off the stalks of the fennel before dicing.
  2. Reserve the fennel fronds for garnishing.
  3. Sauté the carrot, onion, fennel, and garlic in the olive oil in heavy-bottomed Dutch oven until the vegetables begin to soften, approximately 15 minutes.
  4. Add the broth and bay leaf. Boil gently, partially covered, for 15 minutes.
  5. Meanwhile, rinse and drain the lentils.
  6. Add the lentils to the broth. Bring the lentils to a gentle boil, partially covered, and cook approximately 30 minutes, adding salt and pepper after the first 15 minutes.
  7. If making the lentils in advance, remove them from the heat, cool to room temperature, and refrigerate.
  8. When ready to serve, bring the lentils to a gentle boil with enough of the cotechino cooking liquid, or water, to loosen them but not make them soupy. Cook until tender but not mushy, approximately 10-15 minutes longer.
  9. Taste and adjust seasoning if necessary.
For the Cotechino
  1. Prick the sausages in several places using a pin. If the holes are large the casing may split during cooking.
  2. Put the cotechino in a large pot, cover with cold water, simmer, covered, approximately 2 ½ hours.
  3. Mince the fennel fronds while the cotechino cooks.
  4. The cotechino is best served piping hot as soon as is it removed from the cooking liquid.
  5. Slice the cotechino.
  6. Plate several slices of cotechino on top of some of the lentils and garnish with minced fennel fronds, if desired.
Recipe Notes

Copyright © 2019 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Pizza di Patate (Potato Pizza)

December 19, 2018

I remember it clearly!  My love affair with Pizza di Patate began May 1992 in Rome.

All of my most favorite foods are carbohydrates:  pasta, bread stuffing, mashed potatoes, pierogi, soft pretzels, and homemade bread, among them.  The favorites among my favorites, though, combine two different carbohydrates in the same dish:  potato gnocchi, bubba (and its relative, potato pancakes), potato pierogi, homemade bread rolls stuffed with mashed potatoes and rubbed with olive oil and garlic, and, of course, potato pizza.

When I first tasted potato pizza in Rome it immediately entered the highest level of my carbohydrate pantheon.  I knew at some point I would need to learn to make it as I had never had anything like it in the States.  I still haven’t unless it’s come out of my pizza oven, though there is a new breed of Roman Pizzerias cropping up around the country dangling the possibility that one, serving pizza di patate, might settle in near where I live.

May of 1992 was the month my (now) husband and I were to celebrate our fifth anniversary.  I had been discussing with John Bowker, a friend, Anglican priest and the dean of Trinity College, Cambridge, England, coming to the UK for our anniversary.  John had offered to perform a wedding ceremony (still not legally binding, of course) following the Anglican rite in the Trinity College Chapel with the Trinity College Choir there to sing.

After much thought, we decided against going to Cambridge for the ceremony.  Although a few of our friends might have attended, we felt that most would not and we wanted to be surrounded by friends on that day.

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We opted, instead, to have a ceremony performed at our house by John Fortunato, a friend and Episcopal deacon.  We had a calligrapher record our vows on parchment and signed by everyone present (in a nod to Quaker tradition) as an affirmation of our commitment to each other.

Invitation to our fifth anniversary and commitment ceremony

On our 25th anniversary, in 2012, we were actually married with 52 of our friends in attendance.  The wedding and reception were held in a private dining room at Del Posto in New York City.  But I digress…

In the early 1990’s Frank, my husband, and I were working full time but also attending Loyola University of Chicago studying for MBA degrees.  Loyola decided to offer MBA classes for the first time at its Rome campus in May 1992.  We jumped at the chance, leaving for Rome the day after our commitment ceremony.  We treated the trip like the honeymoon we had never had though by then we were very experienced world travelers.

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A pleasant walk from the Loyola Campus (located in an old convent in Monte Mario) was a small shop that sold prepared Roman food and a dizzying array of pizza by the slice (pizza al taglio).  Most nights we went there for dinner then went back to our dorm room to study.  The shop had a few stools lined up along a narrow counter on one side but every patron, except us, picked up food to go.

A funny moment during our wedding ceremony in 2012

After a few days, our routine became clear to the shop owners.  As soon as we walked through the doorway, without asking a question, one of them reached for a bottle of local red wine and handed it to us.  We then ordered from the food on display and sat at the counter enjoying a wonderful meal.

Theirs was the first pizza di patate that I’d ever had.  I ate it all over Rome on that trip.

It took me at least five years to try to make it, and at least another five years to perfect it.  Now that we have a wood-burning oven in Santa Fe I almost always make at least one potato pizza on pizza nights (which don’t happen nearly often enough!).

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Pizza di Patate (Potato Pizza)
I first tasted this in Rome in 1992 and fell in love with it. There are numerous variations, such as using potatoes that have been shredded on the teardrop shaped holes of a grater or topping the pizza with cheese. This simple version is my favorite. Making the pizza in a rectangular pan most resembles Roman pizza al taglio. The dough can be divided to make two round pizzas approximately 12 inches in diameter. See the Notes section for instructions on making the dough in a bread machine as well as directions for making the dough in advance. You can use bread flour if you wish but the dough will be really springy from the gluten making it a bit more difficult to stretch out. If using bread flour it is really a good idea to refrigerate the dough as described below.
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Prep Time 65 minutes
Cook Time 20 minutes
Passive Time 4 hours
Servings
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Ingredients
Dough
Topping
Prep Time 65 minutes
Cook Time 20 minutes
Passive Time 4 hours
Servings
people
Ingredients
Dough
Topping
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Instructions
  1. Warm the bowl and dough hook of an electric mixer with hot water. Drain and dry.
  2. Add the warm water and yeast to warmed bowl. Blend briefly.
  3. Allow the yeast and water to sit until creamy, approximately 10 minutes.
  4. Add about half the flour and mix to combine.
  5. With the motor running, add salt and drizzle in olive oil. Mix to combine.
  6. Add the remaining flour.
  7. Mix approximately 8-10 minutes after all the flour is added. The dough should be soft and slightly sticky.
  8. Place the dough in an oiled bowl or container. Oil the top of the dough. Cover the bowl and allow the dough to rise until doubled.
  9. Meanwhile, make the flavored oil. Sauté the bruised garlic in the oil over medium-low heat until light golden. Do not allow the garlic to turn brown.
  10. Allow the oil to cool for a few minutes. Add the rosemary. The oil should be warm to release the flavor of the rosemary but not so hot that the rosemary begins to sizzle.
  11. Allow the oil and rosemary to sit at room temperature to cool. When cool, remove and discard the garlic.
  12. When dough has doubled, punch it down to remove all air pockets.
  13. Using olive oil, oil an 11x17 inch rimmed baking sheet.
  14. Press the dough into the pan. Allowing the dough to rest for five or ten minutes midway through pressing it into the pan will allow the gluten to relax making it easier to shape the dough.
  15. Brush the dough lightly with some of the flavored olive oil.
  16. Cover the dough with an inverted rimmed baking sheet and allow it to rise until doubled.
  17. Meanwhile, scrub the potatoes and slice into very thin slices. A mandoline is best. If so, set it for 1/16 inch.
  18. Cover the potato slices with cool water to remove excess starch and to keep them from turning brown.
  19. When the dough has doubled, dry the potato slices thoroughly and put them on the top of the dough in a single layer that is slightly overlapping. You may have potato slices left over.
  20. Brush the top of the pizza with the remaining flavored olive oil and sprinkle liberally with coarse sea salt.
  21. Bake at 425°F for approximately 25 minutes, until the potatoes are tender and have golden edges and the dough is golden brown on the edges.
Recipe Notes

The dough can be made, with good results, in a bread machine on the dough cycle.  Though I don’t add sugar when making the dough by hand or with a mixer, the shorter rise cycles used by a bread machine work better with sugar.  Put the ingredients, above, into your bread machine following the manufacturers directions adding 1 tablespoon of sugar as well.  When the dough cycle is finished, press the dough into a pan, as described above, or refrigerate as described below.

If I have time, I prefer to make the dough a day or two in advance. After it has risen as described above, put the dough in an oiled container with a tight-fitting lid. Oil the top of the dough and refrigerate. Remove the dough from the refrigerator at least 5 hours before you plan on making the pizza. Punch down the dough just before making the pizza and proceed as above.

Copyright © 2018 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Louis Evangelista’s Pasta e Fagioli (“Beans and Macaroni”)

August 22, 2018

I completed my residency in psychiatry in June 1981.  Although I was part of the 1980 graduating class in medical school, I didn’t finish until 1981.  The added year allowed me to get a master’s degree in anthropology as well as to complete all my coursework, field work, and dissertation defense for a PhD.  I didn’t finish writing my PhD dissertation and, unfortunately, didn’t get a PhD.  (The reason I didn’t finish writing my dissertation is a long story better suited for another day.)

I started a private practice in Philadelphia as soon as I finished my residency, forming a partnership with Gene d’Aquili.  Our office was at 2400 Chestnut Street.  It was an apartment building but was conveniently located to the University of Pennsylvania and the management was happy to allow us to rent one of the apartments for use as an office.

In quick succession, Wolf Rieger, another psychiatrist from Penn and one of my previous instructors, did the same thing right down the hall from us.

Mark Vuolo, another resident in my group opened his practice a few floors up from us.

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It was a congenial group.

Starting a private practice takes a while so I, like most newly-minted psychiatrists, took on a part-time job.  I was a hired by the Lenape Valley Foundation (LVF) in Bucks County, north of Philadelphia.  LVF provided the bulk of the psychiatric services in Bucks County.  The Foundation provided the community mental health center for the county, ran the psychiatric inpatient unit at the hospital in Doylestown, provided psychiatric services to the Bucks County Correctional Facility, consulted at area nursing homes, and ran a psychiatric partial hospital, among other things.

Part of my responsibility was to be the psychiatrist at the partial hospital.  A partial hospital is a program that operates during the day, with patients going home for the night.  It can serve as a bridge from the hospital to less intensive treatment or it can provide supportive services in an ongoing manner for individuals who need more care than can be provided in an office-based psychiatric practice.

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Each day, a group of patients and a staff member made lunch for everyone.  In psychiatric parlance, this would be an “activity of daily living” (ADL) and would be considered a therapeutic activity.  The older adults usually made comforting, grandmotherly food.  Louis Evangelista, the Music and Movement Therapist, often had his group make Italian food.

By regulation, I, as the psychiatrist, was required to be onsite a specified number of hours per week based on the number of patients.  After a few months, once I knew all the long-term patients and had a good system in place to evaluate the new ones, I had time on my hands so I took on one of the ADL groups.  It was probably the only time a partial hospital had a psychiatrist teaching patients how to cook!

Louis made a killer pasta e fagioli.  He learned it from his Sicilian grandfather.  When I left the Lenape Valley Foundation and the partial hospital, it was the meal I requested for my last day.

I hope you enjoy it as much as I do.

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Louis Evangelista's Pasta e Fagioli
Canned red kidney beans work well in this recipe but if you want even more flavor, start by cooking dry beans. If you do, I suggest using my recipe for Cannellini alla Toscana, substituting red kidney beans. A link to the recipe is in the Notes section, below. A little olive oil added at the end will improve both the flavor and the mouth-feel of the sauce.
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Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 45 minutes
Servings
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Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 45 minutes
Servings
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Instructions
  1. Bring four quarts of water seasoned with 1/3 cup of salt to a boil.
  2. Meanwhile, gently heat the beans and their liquid in a small pot.
  3. Separate the leaves of the escarole.
  4. In a sauté pan large enough to hold everything, heat the olive oil.
  5. Add the garlic to the oil and sauté over medium-low heat until brown. Be careful not to burn the garlic or it will impart a bitter taste.
  6. When the garlic is brown, discard it and remove the oil from the heat.
  7. When the water comes to a boil, add the escarole leaves, return to a boil, and cook until wilted, approximately 1 minute.
  8. Lift the escarole out of the water and toss with the oil in the skillet.
  9. Cook the spaghetti in the same water used to cook the escarole until it is almost al dente. It should still be just a bit crunchy on the inside.
  10. Add the warmed beans to the sauté pan with the escarole and keep warm on low heat.
  11. When the pasta is ready, reserve one cup of the pasta-cooking water.
  12. Drain the pasta and add to the beans and escarole.
  13. Season with black pepper to taste.
  14. Cook over medium to medium-low heat until the spaghetti is just al dente, adding the reserved pasta cooking water as needed.
  15. There should be enough liquid left to create a glossy sauce.
  16. Off the heat, add the grated cheese and a few glugs of olive oil if you wish (I do!)
  17. Taste and adjust salt.
  18. Serve immediately with grated Parmigiano Reggiano or Pecorino Romano cheese on the side.
Recipe Notes

If you want to start with dried beans, use my recipe for Cannellini alla Toscana.

Copyright © 2018 by Villa Sentieri, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Risotto with Zucchini

August 15, 2018

One of the glories of summer produce is zucchini.

We eat our fill of fried zucchini blossoms but also zucchini itself in many ways, among them sautéed in olive oil with aromatics and herbs, made into a frittata, boiled and dressed with olive oil, stuffed with ricotta and mint, cooked in a light tomato sauce, made into calabacitas, and most definitely, used in risotto.

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Although there are exceptions, such as Risotto Friulano and Risotto alla Milanese, most risotti that I make contain vegetables.  As far as actually cooking the rice goes, the technique doesn’t vary.

Fried zucchini blossoms are a much-loved summertime treat in our house

Aromatics (shallot, onion and/or garlic, depending on the risotto) are sautéed in olive oil.  The rice is added and cooked slightly.  A bit of wine is added and cooked away then the liquid (almost always broth but I make a killer champagne risotto and I also have a risotto recipe that uses carrot juice) is added in small amounts and cooked off before more is added.  Cheese and a bit of butter are stirred in at the end.

What varies for me is how the vegetables are prepared and when they are added.

Some vegetables are cooked in advance then added to the rice when it is nearly done.  I do this, for example with the mushrooms for Risotto ai Funghi (Mushroom Risotto).  Other vegetables are put in at the very end and cooked briefly.  This method works best for vegetables that don’t really require cooking to be edible.  Believe it or not, really good summer corn fits into this category as do frozen peas.  The third method is to sauté the vegetable in the olive oil before the rice is added.  This is the method I use for Butternut Squash Risotto.

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It is also possible to add the vegetables part-way through cooking the rice though I rarely use this method because it is not possible to guarantee the vegetables will be cooked properly when the rice is done.

Despite the difference in texture, zucchini can be added at the beginning as with butternut squash.  The final texture is different, with the butternut squash being cooked but still holding its shape completely while the zucchini will soften much more but will still be recognizable.

Once you get the hang of cooking the rice for risotto, you can turn any vegetable into a risotto by just considering which of the cooking techniques to use.

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Risotto with Zucchini
Broth for risotto should be light in flavor, not a heavy stock. The broth should add the barest amount of background flavor but allow the other ingredients in the risotto to shine. Risotto uses a lot of broth. It is important that the broth have minimal salt so as not become overly salty. I never salt my homemade broth for this reason. If it seems that you will run out of broth before the risotto has finished cooking, put some water on to heat. It is important that all liquid added to the risotto, other than the initial addition of wine, be at a simmer.
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Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 45 minutes
Servings
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Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 45 minutes
Servings
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Ingredients
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Instructions
  1. Bring the broth to a bare simmer.
  2. Meanwhile, peel the zucchini then slice into ½-inch thick rounds.
  3. In a heavy-bottomed three-to-four-quart saucepan, heat the oil over medium to medium-high heat.
  4. Sauté the onion and garlic in the oil, stirring frequently, until the onion becomes translucent.
  5. Increase the heat to medium-high. Add the zucchini and ½ teaspoon of salt.
  6. Sauté the zucchini until the greenish color changes to a slightly less vibrant shade and the edges of the zucchini rounds become just a little less sharp, approximately 5-7 minutes.
  7. Add a few grindings of black pepper.
  8. Add the rice and stir until coated with oil.
  9. Sauté several minutes until the outer edges of the rice grains become translucent while the center remains white, approximately 5 minutes.
  10. Add the wine. Stir frequently, but not constantly, until the wine has totally evaporated. You will begin to see some starch leaching out of the rice. More and more of the starch will leach out as you cook the rice. This is what will make a creamy sauce, not a large quantity of butter, cheese or cream.
  11. When the wine has evaporated, add 1/2 cup of the simmering broth. Stir thoroughly, paying particular attention to loosening any spots where the starch seems to be sticking to the bottom of the pan. You don’t want to brown (or worse yet, burn) the starch.
  12. Stir frequently, but not constantly, until the broth has evaporated.
  13. If the broth is unsalted, as I recommend, add 1 ½ teaspoons of salt to the rice as you begin to add the broth. If the broth contains salt, do not add salt until the end.
  14. Keep repeating the process with ½ cup of simmering broth each time: cooking, stirring, and loosening any spots that are sticking until each addition of broth evaporates. The heat should stay as close as possible to medium high. The moderate boiling of the liquid will coax starch out of the rice to create the creaminess that is the hallmark of a good risotto.
  15. Begin tasting for doneness after approximately 3 cups of simmering broth have been added. When the rice is al dente, firm but not crunchy in the center, add another ½ cup of simmering broth, stir, and remove the rice from the heat.
  16. Off the heat, stir in the Parmesan cheese, butter, parsley, if using, and freshly ground black pepper to taste. Taste and adjust salt.
  17. In two or three small additions, add as much of the broth as the risotto will absorb without becoming watery. Stir thoroughly.
  18. Serve immediately.
Recipe Notes

With risotto, the goal is to have rice grains that are still al dente (but not crunchy) in the middle surrounded by a creamy liquid. An Italian risotto should be creamy from the starch in the rice, augmented with a very modest amount of butter and cheese. Risotto served in America is often overly rich from butter, cheese, and sometimes cream.

Risotto rice is a short grain rice that cooks slowly, making it much easier to achieve an al dente texture because it takes a while to actually overcook it. The three types of rice for risotto are Arborio, Carnaroli, and Vialone Nano. Arborio is the easiest one to find though the other two are more forgiving than Arborio when it comes to overcooking.

I recommend buying good quality rice imported from Italy. It really isn’t priced that differently from domestic. Do not wash the rice.

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